Aroma & Flavor - An Overview of Terpenes in Cannabis
Terpenes, terpenoids, essential oils, aromatic metabolites…there are over a hundred types of these hydrocarbons that can be found in cannabis and many other plants. They play a huge role in many of the sought-after qualities of our favorite strains. Specifically, the smells and tastes of fragrant flowers!
If you have ever given or received a compliment on some loud bud…then you understand the appreciation of a terpene profile. The scent is usually the first and most apparent attribute noticed of high-quality cannabis. The terpene benefits and qualities can vary greatly from strain to strain and even be different by phenotypes. These organic compounds also contribute many of the pleasant physiological effects that are enjoyed both medicinally and recreationally. Terpenes exist in a symbiotic relationship with THC, CBD, CBG, CBN, Delta-8, and all the other cannabinoids & compounds found in marijuana. All these miracle molecules work together in ways that scientists and cannabis professionals/enthusiasts are still learning about. This is known as the “entourage effect” which is a theory on the dynamics of how cannabinoids and terpenes work together and with our endocannabinoid systems. Many of the benefits that terpenes offer has been known about, studied, and used for medicinal purposes for hundreds of years. There is much to be learned and enjoyed from this scentful synergy between terpenes, cannabinoids, and our very own receptors within!
So, the next time you stop to smell the flowers (or smoke them!) - Take a moment and reflect on the aroma and flavor.
We believe in the importance of preserving terpenes and cannabinoids by maintaining trichome integrity during the growing, trimming, and all of the handling processes. It is our mindset that using care and efficiency can go a long way towards great cannabis cultivation. This is especially true during the trimming process when buds get handled the most (before consumption anyway) and stand the greatest risk of receiving loss of or damage to the resin glands. Developing plants from seed to a precious terpene & cannabinoid packed harvest, and then to the final flavorful form can be a challenging task…but it’s one worth the rewards, for certain!
Here are some of the terps that are commonly found in cannabis…
• Bisabolol
AKA α-bisabolol, alpha-bisabolol, or levomenol
Benefits:
Analgesic, antibacterial, anticancer, anticoagulant, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, neuroprotectant
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Floral, mild, sweet
Also found in:
Candeia trees, chamomile flowers & tea, cosmetic products
• Borneol
AKA moxa
Benefits:
Analgesic, anticancer, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator, digestive aid, neuroprotectant
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Camphor, herbal, minty, woodsy
Also found in:
Camphor, insect repellant, many plants, menthol, rosemary
• Camphene
AKA 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Benefits:
Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, lowers cholesterol & triglyceride levels
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Earthy, musky, piney, pungent
Also found in:
Camphor, foods, fragrances, mangos, oils, ointments
• Caryophyllene
AKA β-caryophyllene or beta-caryophyllene
Benefits:
Analgesic, anti-anxiety, antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, gastric-protective
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Herbal, earthy, peppery, spicy, sweet, woodsy
Also found in:
Black pepper, cinnamon, clove, oregano, hops, rosemary, skincare products
• Carene
AKA delta-3-carene
Benefits:
Anti-inflammatory, bone-strengthening, memory-retention
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Citrus, cypress, piney, pungent, sweet, woodsy
Also found in:
Basil, bell peppers, cedar trees, cypress trees, cosmetics, fragrances, insect repellant, juices, pine trees, rosemary
• Eucalyptol
AKA cineole
Benefits:
Analgesic, antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cough suppressant, respiratory & sinus relief
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Camphor, cooling, fresh, minty, spicy
Also found in:
Aromatherapy, eucalyptus trees, insecticides, medicines, topicals
• Geraniol
AKA (2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol
Benefits:
Anticancer, antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, digestive aid, neuroprotectant
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Citrus, fruity, peachy, rose-like, sweet
Also found in:
Citronella oil, bath & body products, fragrances, geraniums, honeybees, lemons, palmarosa oil, rose oil, tobacco
• Humulene
AKA α-humulene, alpha-humulene, α-caryophyllene, or alpha-caryophyllene
Benefits:
Analgesic, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, allergy relief, appetite suppressant
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Earthy, spicy, woody
Also found in:
Beer, coriander, ginger, ginseng, hops, insecticides, tobacco, sage
• Ocimene
AKA (3E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene
Benefits:
Anti-congestive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, gut flora health
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Citrus, floral, fruity, herbal, strong, sweet, woodsy
Also found in:
Basil, bergamot, fragrances, hops, insecticides, kumquats, lavender, orchids, oregano, mangos, mint, parsley, tarragon
• Limonene
AKA D-limonene
Benefits:
Analgesic, anti-anxiety, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, gastrointestinal relief, mood elevation, stress relief
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Citrusy, fruity, sweet
Also found in:
Cleaners, fennel, fragrances, grapefruits, juniper, lemons, limes, mint, oranges, pine, rosemary, topicals
• Linalool
AKA β-linalool or beta-linalool
Benefits:
Analgesic, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, sedative, stress relief
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Blueberry, citrus, floral, musky, spicy, sweet
Also found in:
Birch trees, cinnamon, citrus fruits, coriander, laurels, lavender, rosewood
• Myrcene
AKA β-myrcene or beta-myrcene
Benefits:
Anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, muscle relaxant, pain & insomnia relief, sedative
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Earthy, musky, spicy, sweet
Also found in:
Basil, bay laurel, cardamom, cloves, hops, lemongrass, mangos, thyme
• Pinene
AKA α-pinene, alpha-pinene, β-pinene, or beta-pinene
Benefits:
Anti-cancer, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, bronchodilator, gastrointestinal relief, neuroprotectant, respiratory relief
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Earthy, piney, sweet
Also found in:
Dill, insecticides, limes, oranges, oregano, parsley, pine nuts, pine trees, rosemary, topical antiseptics
• Terpineol
AKA α-terpineol
Benefits:
Analgesic, anti-anxiety, antibiotic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial antioxidant, anti-seizure, antitumor, gastrointestinal relief, relaxant, sedative
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Citrus, floral, lilacs, lime, piney, woodsy
Also found in:
Cardamom, eucalyptus, fragrances, lilacs, lime blossoms, pine trees, skincare products, tea
• Terpinolene
AKA α-terpinolene or alpha-terpinolene
Benefits:
Antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, relaxant, sedative
Aroma / Flavor Profile:
Citrus, floral, herbal, piney, sweet, woodsy
Also found in:
Apples, cleaning products, conifer trees, cumin, fragrances, herbs, insecticides, lilac, nutmeg, rosemary sage, tea tree
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